Life expectancy: 10-14 years
Size: 22-26-inches (male); 20-24 inches (female)
Coat: Short, single, smooth
Temperament: Independent, Intelligent, Energetic, Loyal
Exercise needs: Around two hours daily
Origin/native country: Louisiana
Having originated in the swamps of Louisiana (where it’s the state dog), Catahoula Leopard Dogs have long been used for herding livestock and as a hunting dog.
Muscular with a large head and coming in many different colours, they’re very much at home in a rural setting and they love to keep busy. But their benefits can also be drawbacks, particularly if you want to keep one solely as a pet.
Confining a Catahoula Leopard Dog to the home and restricting their ability to truly stretch their legs outside isn’t advisable, as we’ll see, and they’re a great example of the importance of understanding just what makes a particular breed tick.
So let’s take a look at the temperament, exercise and training requirements of a Catahoula Leopard Dog with the help of expert vet Dr Rebecca MacMillan.
Do Catahoula Leopard Dogs need a lot of exercise?
You won’t see many Catahoula Leopard Dogs being walked around your neighborhood or in your local park and there’s a very good reason for that. It’s not the sort of breed that you’d generally keep or exercise in an urban area.
“The Catahoula Leopard Dog is a large, working breed that has plenty of endurance. They were originally bred to be one of the best farm dogs and hunt wild dogs, so these are not dogs designed to live in cities or apartment blocks,” affirms Dr Rebecca MacMillan.
With so much energy to burn off and a desire to complete tasks, restricting this breed is only going to cause destructive problems such as digging and chewing – and even the best dog toys are unlikely to keep them sufficiently in check.
“These dogs would be best suited to an owner who can get the outside with them as much as possible,” Dr MacMillan adds. “At least 90 minutes of exercise every day should keep them physically and mentally stimulated. I’m also led to believe they are keen swimmers so they will enjoy the opportunity for a dip too!”
Are Catahoula Leopard Dogs easy to train?
Training Catahoula Leopard Dogs requires effort but, because they’re a highly intelligent breed, they are receptive and capable of learning commands rather easily.
“With an experienced owner, this breed is relatively straightforward to train,” Dr MacMillan says.
One thing’s for sure, training is crucial to try and curb some of the more troublesome aspects of the breed such as their territorial and protective instincts which can pose an issue with strangers. It’s important, then, to socialize this breed early and to be firm.
“Training is essential for any dog, but especially a large, strong breed that can be assertive,” says Dr MacMillan. “Catahoula Leopard Dogs are intelligent, working dogs that will benefit from plenty of mental stimulation and training exercises, to keep behavioral issues at bay.”
So what should you expect?
“The breed’s large size and stubborn streak means that a consistent approach is essential,” Dr MacMillan explains. “Training methods must rely on positive association, rewarding and praising desirable behaviors.”
Are Catahoula Leopard Dogs aggressive?
As we’ve mentioned, this breed is territorial and protective so if they’re not well-trained they may not take too well to strangers. They tend to be aggressive towards other dogs and you may find that they’ll dart off, chasing any small animals they may spot which means they really ought to be kept on a leash when you’re outside.
“Catahoula Leopard Dogs are not beginners' dogs and need careful socialization and training to reduce the risk of aggressive tendencies,” Dr MacMillan says. “This dog can be quite protective and dominant, which may lead to signs of aggression, especially if it is challenged.”
Do Catahoula Leopard Dogs make good family pets?
Short answer? Perhaps not. As protective hunting dogs that can be aggressive with people and other pets, you may not feel too comfortable having them around the family home.
“I personally wouldn’t recommend keeping Catahoula Leopard Dogs with other pets or children,” says Dr MacMillan.
“They have a high prey drive and can be very territorial dogs. Couple this with their large size, and it could lead to serious problems. This breed might be ok with older children or teenagers who can also join in with dog training exercises, but supervision with minors is always advised.”
Do Catahoula Leopard Dogs need a lot of grooming?
The hair of a Catahoula Leopard Dog doesn’t tend to get very dirty and they are light shedders so they’re very low maintenance in this respect. Use one of the best dog brushes occasionally and give them a bath when they start to smell and become muddy but otherwise just tend to their ears, keep their teeth in check with regular brushing and trim their nails.
Common health problems in Catahoula Leopard Dogs
Catahoula Leopard Dogs are generally healthy dogs.
“But their characteristic merle coat is linked with the same genes that increase their risk of deafness,” says Dr MacMillan. “As with many large breeds, this dog is at an increased risk of hip dysplasia.
“This genetic abnormality causes the hip joint to develop abnormally leading to lameness and pain. Screening tests should be done by the breeder to make sure they are only mating healthy animals, which will increase the chances of healthy puppies.”
Should I get a Catahoula Leopard Dog?
Your lifestyle really needs to be a good fit if you’re going to consider getting a Catahoula Leopard Dog. This means you need to be highly active and capable of giving the breed a lot of attention. You will also need lots of space for them to run and in a position to give them a lot of things to do.
So if you live in a small suburban home or an apartment in the city and have a young family, think twice. Then three times. And maybe four. But if you live in a rural area – maybe a farm or a ranch – and you need a farm dog to complete tasks such as herding livestock then a Catahoula Leopard Dog should be considered.
They’ll be very loyal and protective of you (they're excellent guard dogs) and they’ll likely prove to be a great asset.
Want to learn more about other large breeds? Check out the boerboel
Rebecca is a veterinary surgeon who graduated in 2009 from the Royal Veterinary College in London. She has a wealth of experience in first opinion small animal practice, having done a mixture of day-to-day routine work, on-call emergency duties and managerial roles over the years. Rebecca enjoys medicine in particular and she is proud to have recently achieved a BSAVA postgraduate certificate in small animal medicine (with commendation).
She writes on various feline and canine topics, including behavior, nutrition, and health. Outside of work and writing she enjoys walking her own dog, spending time with her young family and baking!
Edited by Georgia Guerin.
Recent updates
This feature was last updated on March 18, 2025.
